On a scorching day in Ancholi, Karachi, Hameed Ahmed is engrossed in stirring large pots of Haleem, a hearty stew, in his modest, open-air kitchen. The rich aroma of slow-cooked wheat, meat, and lentils, infused with a blend of spices, fills the air, drawing a steady stream of customers eager to savor this savory dish.
Hameed’s Haleem is especially sought after during Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar, when communal rituals and gatherings bring people together in mourning and solidarity.
Contrary to the notion that economic activity dwindles during religious observances, the streets of Pakistan come alive with increased commerce centered around these events. It’s estimated that tens of billions are spent on various mourning rituals during Muharram, including organizing majalis (mourning gatherings), processions, ensuring security, maintaining imambargahs (worship places), procession routes, and offering ziaraat (religious pilgrimages), alongside providing langar (free communal meals).
Mazhar Abbas, a decorator from Karachi, explained how businesses thrive during Muharram: “During the initial 12 days, tents are set up for sabil (free water distribution), and afterward, there’s a surge in demand for tents and crockery as people host majalis at home.” This creates a substantial economic flow with rentals for tents, equipment, and sound systems being a significant part of the expenditure.
Moreover, in areas like Saddar, Kharadar, Ranchor Line, and Soldier Bazaar, traditional toy carts become popular attractions. These carts, managed mainly by generational families of gypsies, offer a range of wooden swords, bows and arrows, swings, miniature dhols (drums), and other items decorated with vibrant paints, fur, and embellishments, bringing joy to children amidst the solemnity of Muharram.
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Vaqar Ahmed, Joint Executive Director at the Sustainable Development Policy Institute, highlighted the economic impact: “Religious tourism sees a notable increase as people gather in cities or villages to observe Muharram with loved ones.” This influx stimulates local economies, particularly benefiting sectors like food processing, retail, and hospitality.
Hameed’s haleem shop exemplifies this seasonal economic surge. Despite the solemnity of the month, his business flourishes as demand spikes for haleem, sheermal (a sweet bread), sherbet, and other essentials used during majalis and communal gatherings. The preparation and distribution of food during Muharram isn’t just cultural; it fulfills religious obligations, thereby driving the demand for food supplies across the board.
This increased demand cascades through various sectors. “The agro and food processing industry, along with food supply and retail, witness a direct stimulus,” noted Vaqar Ahmed. “Additionally, the transport sector benefits from increased travel as people journey to observe religious duties collectively.”
Textile sales also soar during Muharram, with specific attire worn to commemorate the occasion, especially during Ashura. Retailers stock up on colored fabrics and traditional garments, including black attire symbolizing mourning, which further bolsters economic activity in the textile sector.
Ahsan Mehanti, MD and CEO of Arif Habib Limited, emphasized the broader economic implications: “Business activities experience fluctuations during religious holidays, but some sectors see substantial growth.” He underscored how retail and hospitality sectors thrive during Muharram due to increased spending on food, beverages, and philanthropic acts.
According to Schehzad, CEO of Alpha Beta Core, the total spending during Muharram reaches an impressive Rs700 billion. This includes investments in infrastructure for processions, security arrangements, and provisions for daily essentials and communal meals. The economic impact extends beyond financial transactions to encompass cultural traditions and social responsibilities.
As preparations intensify across Pakistan for Muharram, from small businesses like Hameed’s to broader economic sectors, the synergy between faith and livelihood becomes apparent. The month not only offers spiritual solace but also serves as a catalyst for economic vitality, reinforcing the enduring connection between religious observance and communal prosperity.
