Belgium has officially filed a declaration to join South Africa’s genocide case against Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague. The move allows Belgium to participate in the proceedings concerning allegations that Israel violated the 1948 UN Genocide Convention during its military actions in Gaza.
Under ICJ rules, a state party to a treaty can intervene in a case concerning the interpretation or application of that treaty. Belgium’s intervention argues that it has a legal interest in how key provisions of the Genocide Convention, particularly the requirement of “specific intent” to commit genocide, are interpreted.
South Africa filed its case at the ICJ in December 2023, accusing Israel of breaching the Genocide Convention. It is seeking a ruling to compel Israel to prevent acts of genocide and ensure humanitarian access in Gaza. The court has previously issued provisional measures directing Israel to take actions to avoid harm to civilians and guarantee aid delivery.
Belgium joins a growing group of countries filing declarations in support of South Africa’s arguments. These countries, including Brazil, Colombia, Ireland, Mexico, Spain, and Türkiye, are not direct parties but can submit legal views and written observations to guide the court’s interpretation of the treaty.
Israel has rejected the allegations as politically motivated and unfounded. Supporters of the case argue that the ICJ ruling could reinforce international law and accountability, while critics warn of broader diplomatic and legal repercussions.
The ICJ, as the UN’s principal judicial body, handles disputes between states under international law. While its decisions are legally binding, enforcement relies on international cooperation, making global support and compliance critical for any ruling to be effective.
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