Iran is facing its most severe water crisis in decades, with Tehran, home to over 10 million people at risk. President Masoud Pezeshkian warned that without significant rainfall by December, the government may need to ration water in the capital. He added that if rationing fails and drought continues, evacuation could become necessary.
The crisis stems not only from low rainfall but also from decades of mismanagement, including overbuilt dams, illegal wells, and inefficient agricultural practices. Authorities have blamed past government policies, climate change, and over-consumption. Although formal rationing has not been imposed, nightly water pressure reductions have been implemented in some areas, with certain districts experiencing near-zero supply.
Tehran’s five main reservoirs are at roughly half capacity, with inflows down 43% compared to last year. The Amir Kabir Dam, for example, holds only 8% of its capacity. Nationwide, 19 major dams, about 10% of Iran’s total, have effectively run dry. In Mashhad, Iran’s second-largest city, reserves have dropped below 3%, causing daily shortages and affecting local businesses.
Iranians are already struggling with economic hardships exacerbated by sanctions, and ongoing shortages of electricity, gas, and water have intensified public frustration. The government has urged residents to conserve water and install storage tanks, pumps, and other devices, but critics say these measures are insufficient.
Rising temperatures linked to climate change have worsened evaporation and groundwater loss. Authorities have temporarily reduced water pressure and transferred supplies from other reservoirs, but these are seen as short-term solutions. Experts warn that without substantial structural reforms and better water management, Tehran and other cities could face an unprecedented humanitarian crisis.
The situation underscores the urgent need for sustainable water policies, effective management, and public awareness to address a crisis that threatens daily life, economic stability, and social order across Iran.
In recent actions, Tehran to Restrict Water as Iran Battles Severe Drought
